Spain - sun, history and a Mediterranean rhythm
General information
Spain is a country that is hard to describe in a single word. It is at once a Mediterranean breeze, lively cities, centuries of history, impressive architecture and a cuisine that makes eating part of the culture. From Madrid and Barcelona to small coastal towns and inland villages, Spain has a different character in almost every region.
Located in south-western Europe, Spain occupies most of the Iberian Peninsula. The country has coastlines on both the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, and the Balearic and Canary Islands also belong to it. This geographical position is one of the reasons its landscapes are so varied - from long sandy beaches and rocky shores to mountains, plains and green valleys.
Madrid, in the centre of the country, is the capital and one of the great cultural centres of Europe. Barcelona has a completely different atmosphere - the Mediterranean, the architecture of Antoni Gaudí, wide boulevards and lively neighbourhoods make it one of the most visited cities on the continent.
But Spain is more than its big cities. Andalusia preserves traces of centuries of Arab influence, the northern regions have a greener, Atlantic character, and the Mediterranean coast is dotted with resorts and historic towns.
Among the popular coastal areas is the Costa Dorada - "the Golden Coast", south of Barcelona. The name comes from its wide sandy beaches, which take on a golden hue in the sun. The area suits not only a beach holiday but also a combined trip, as it brings together beaches, small towns, historic sights and proximity to Barcelona. One of the best-known places in the area is Tarragona, whose history goes back to Roman times.
Besides Barcelona, Spain offers many other interesting destinations. The Costa Brava, north of Barcelona, impresses with its small coves, beaches and picturesque coastal towns, while Valencia combines a Mediterranean atmosphere, historic quarters and striking modern architecture. In Andalusia you can strongly feel the influence of the different cultures that have left their mark on the region, and Mallorca attracts visitors with its beautiful beaches, mountain scenery and charming villages.
Spain has a huge cultural heritage spanning architecture, fine art, music and traditions. The country has many UNESCO World Heritage Sites, and some of them - such as the historic centre of Toledo, the Alhambra in Granada and Gaudí's works in Barcelona - are among the most recognisable landmarks in Europe.
Climate
Spain's climate is varied and depends largely on the specific area. The Mediterranean coast has hot, dry summers and milder winters, while the north is wetter and cooler. Inland, the temperature differences between summer and winter can be more pronounced.
Summer is the natural choice for a beach holiday. On the Mediterranean the days are long, sunny and warm, and the sea is a central part of the experience. The Costa Dorada is especially popular at this time thanks to its wide beaches and variety of accommodation and entertainment.
Spring and autumn are ideal for combining city breaks with historic sightseeing. Temperatures are usually more pleasant for long walks, and visiting the big cities does not coincide with the strongest summer heat.
Winter is milder on the Mediterranean, while inland and in the mountains conditions are different. This makes Spain an interesting destination outside the traditional summer season too.
Culture and history
Spain's history is the result of the meeting of different peoples and civilisations. Iberians, Romans, Visigoths and Muslim rulers all lived in these lands and left their mark, and later the Christian kingdoms gradually shaped the political map of the peninsula.
The Roman heritage can be seen in many places, including on the Costa Dorada. Tarragona is one of the best examples - in antiquity the city was known as Tarraco and was one of the important Roman centres on the Iberian Peninsula. Today the remains of the amphitheatre, the circus, the city walls and other Roman structures recall this period.
Medieval Spain carries another influence - that of Muslim culture. For centuries much of the Iberian Peninsula was under Muslim rule, and the architectural heritage of this period is particularly impressive in southern Spain. The Alhambra in Granada is perhaps the best-known example of this cultural legacy.
After the union of Castile and Aragon, Spain gradually became one of the most powerful European states. The 15th and 16th centuries are associated with great geographical discoveries and the spread of Spanish influence far beyond Europe. This period left a strong mark on the country's history and culture.
Spanish culture, however, is much more than history. Flamenco, local festivals, music, a passion for football and the tradition of spending a long time around the table are all part of the country's modern image.
Cuisine is also an important part of the Spanish experience. Paella, tapas, jamón, all kinds of seafood, cheeses and regional specialities show how many different culinary traditions exist in the different parts of the country. In Spain eating is rarely just a quick way to satisfy hunger - it is an occasion to meet, talk and spend time together.
Why and when to visit
Spain is suitable for travel at almost any time of year, as long as you choose the right region and type of holiday.
For a beach holiday the summer months are best. The Costa Dorada is a good example of a destination that lets you combine the beach with sightseeing. Besides the sea, the area has historic towns, natural sites and the chance to visit Barcelona. This makes it interesting both for people who want a relaxing holiday and for those who don't like to spend their entire holiday on the beach.
Barcelona is a good choice almost all year round. The city offers architecture, museums, parks, shops, restaurants and long walks along the seafront. Particularly impressive are the works of Antoni Gaudí, including the Sagrada Família and Park Güell.
Madrid is a good choice for art lovers and those who enjoy a city atmosphere. The Prado, Thyssen-Bornemisza and Reina Sofía museums form one of the most interesting art routes in Europe, and the city's central streets and squares stay lively until late.
For cultural routes, spring and autumn are especially suitable. The weather is milder, allowing you to explore towns, historic sites and architectural landmarks at a relaxed pace. Andalusia, for example, is wonderful in these seasons, when its mix of history, architecture and local cuisine can be enjoyed without the intense summer heat.
Spain is also a country of different rhythms. In one day there may be time for a museum and a historic sight, then for coffee on a square, with the evening continuing with a long dinner and a stroll through lively streets. By the sea the day naturally takes a different shape - beach, sea, an afternoon walk and dinner by the shore.
It is this combination that makes Spain so attractive to travel to. We may visit for the sea but discover the history. We may go for Barcelona but be impressed by the small towns. Or we may choose the Costa Dorada for a holiday and use its proximity to Barcelona and Tarragona to turn a few days by the sea into a fuller journey.
Spain is not a destination you can see all at once. It is a country of different cities, flavours, landscapes and traditions that gradually change our idea of it. And that is exactly why one trip is often only enough to realise that next time there will be even more to discover.
